Insecticidal substituted azinyl derivatives

ABSTRACT

N-Azinyl-N′-aryl ureas and thioureas derivatives are effective at controlling insects.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser.No. 60/998,250 filed on Oct. 9, 2007. The present invention concernsnovel N-azinyl-N′-aryl ureas and thioureas and their use in controllinginsects, particularly lepidoptera and/or coleoptera. This invention alsoincludes new synthetic procedures, intermediates for preparing thecompounds, pesticide compositions containing the compounds, and methodsof controlling insects using the compounds.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There is an acute need for new insecticides and acaricides. Insects andmites are developing resistance to the insecticides and acaricides incurrent use. At least 400 species of arthropods are resistant to one ormore insecticides. The development of resistance to some of the olderinsecticides, such as DDT, the carbamates, and the organophosphates, iswell known. But resistance has even developed to some of the newerpyrethroid insecticides and acaricides. Therefore, a need exists for newinsecticides and acaricides, and particularly for compounds that havenew or atypical modes of action.

The present invention provides novel compounds with broad-spectrumactivity against insects, particularly lepidoptera and/or coleoptera.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention concerns compounds useful for the control of insects,especially useful for the control of lepidoptera and/or coleoptera. Morespecifically, the invention concerns compounds of the formula (I):

wherein

A, B and D represent N, CH or CR³, with the proviso that at least one ofA, B or D are N;

R¹ represents C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted with from one up to themaximum number of fluorine or chlorine atoms;

R² represents Cl, CF₃, O(C₁-C₃ alkyl), NH(C₁-C₃ alkyl) or N(C₁-C₃alkyl)₂ in which each of the previous C₁-C₃ alkyl groups is optionallysubstituted with from one up to the maximum number of fluorine atoms;

R³represents H, F, Cl, Br, I, C₁-C₃ alkyl or O(C₁-C₃ alkyl) in whicheach of the previous C₁-C₃ alkyl groups is optionally substituted withfrom one up to the maximum number of fluorine atoms;

R⁴represents H, C₁-C₃ alkyl (optionally substituted with alkoxy,benzyloxy or —OC(O)R ⁷), or CO₂R⁶;

R⁵ represents H, C₁-C₃ alkyl (optionally substituted with C₁-C₃ alkoxy,F, CN or CO₂R), OH, C₁-C₃ alkoxy or CO₂R⁶, or R⁴ and R⁵ taken togetherrepresent —CH₂CH₂— or —C(O)CH₂—;

R⁶ represents H or C₁-C₃ alkyl;

R⁷ represents C₁-C₃ alkyl;

W represents O or S;

Ar represents a phenyl group substituted with one to four substitutentsindependently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, NO₂, CN, SCF₃, SO₂CF₃, C₁-C₃alky substituted with from one up to the maximum number of chlorine orfluorine atoms, or C₁-C₃ alkoxy optionally substituted with from one upto the maximum number of chlorine or fluorine atoms; or represents

X and Y independently represent H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO₂, CN, SCF₃, SO₂CF₃,C₁-C₃ alky substituted with from one up to the maximum number ofchlorine or fluorine atoms, or C₁-C₃ alkoxy optionally substituted withfrom one up to the maximum number of chlorine or fluorine atoms.

Preferred compounds of formula (I) include the following classes:

(1) Compounds of formula (I) wherein R¹ is CH₂CF₃.

(2) Compounds of formula (I) wherein R² is OCH₂CF₃.

(3) Compounds of formula (I) wherein W is O

(4) Compounds of formula (I) wherein R⁴ and R⁵ are independently H orCH₃.

(5) Compounds of formula (I) wherein Ar represents

(6) Compounds of formula (I) wherein X is Br, Cl , CF₃ or OCF₃.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the mostpreferred compounds are generally those which are comprised ofcombinations of the above preferred classes.

The invention also provides new processes and intermediates forpreparing compounds of formula (I) as well as new compositions andmethods of use, which will be described in detail herein below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Throughout this document, all temperatures are given in degrees Celsius,and all percentages are weight percentages unless otherwise stated.

Unless specifically limited otherwise, the term “alkyl”, as well asderivative terms such as “alkoxy”, as used herein, include within theirscope straight chain, branched chain and cyclic moieties.

Unless specifically limited otherwise, the term “halogen”, as well asderivative terms such as “halo”, as used herein, refers to fluorine,chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Preferred halogens are fluorine andchlorine.

The term “haloalkyl” refers to alkyl groups substituted with from one upto the maximum possible number of halogen atoms. The terms “haloalkoxy”and “halothioalkyl” refer to alkoxy or thioalkyl groups substituted withfrom one up to the maximum possible number of halogen atoms.

Unless otherwise indicated, when it is stated that a group may besubstituted with one or more substituents selected from an identifiedclass, it is intended that the substituents may be independentlyselected from the class.

Compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by the methods illustrated inSchemes A-C below.

Compounds of formula (I) wherein R¹, R², A, B, D, W, and Ar are aspreviously defined and wherein R⁴ and R⁵ are both H can be prepared bythe methods illustrated in Scheme A.

In Scheme A, the metal salt of an amino heterocycle of formula (II)wherein M represents a metal, such as sodium, and Q¹ represents Cl orR¹O, is reacted with aryl isocyanates and aryl isothiocyanates offormula (III), wherein W represents O or S, in a polar aprotic organicsolvent, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), to afford compounds of formula(IV). The reactions are generally carried out at temperatures from −20°C. to about 50° C. and are usually complete in one to 18 hours. Thecompounds can be recovered and purified by conventional methods. Themetal salts of formula (II) wherein M represents a metal are prepared byreaction of an amino heterocycle of formula (II) wherein M representshydrogen with a base, such as sodium hydride. Means to exclude moisture,such as a blanket of dry nitrogen, are employed during this process. Thepreferred base is sodium hydride (M=Na) and the preferred solvent isTHF. However, other strong bases, such as potassium tert-butoxide orn-butyl lithium, and other aprotic organic solvents, such as ethyl etheror 1,4-dioxane, can also be used. Compounds of formula (IV) can befurther manipulated by reaction with nucleophiles such as alkoxides togive compounds of formula (V). The alkoxides are generally prepared byreaction of an alcohol with a base, such as sodium hydride, in ananhydrous aprotic solvent such as THF. The alkoxide is then reacted withcompounds of formula (IV) in the same solvent to give compounds offormula (V). The reactions are generally carried out at temperaturesfrom −20° C. to about 100° C. and are usually complete in one to 18hours. The compounds can be recovered and purified by conventionalmethods.

Compounds of formula (II) in Scheme A wherein M represents H can beprepared by methods disclosed herein or general methods known in theart.

Many compounds of formula (I) wherein R¹, R², R⁵, A, B, D, W, and Ar areas previously defined and wherein R⁴ is H can also be prepared by themethods illustrated in Scheme B.

In Scheme B, heterocyclic isocyanates and isothiocyanates of formula(VI), wherein W represents O or S, are reacted with aryl amines offormula (VII) in a polar aprotic solvent, such as CH₂Cl₂, to givecompounds of formula (VIII). Means to exclude moisture, such as ablanket of dry nitrogen, are typically employed. The reaction istypically carried out at temperatures from −20° C. to about 50° C. andare usually complete in one to 18 hours. The products of formula (VIII)can be recovered by conventional means and purified by conventionalmethods, such as chromatography or recrystallization. Heterocyclicisocyanates and isothiocyanates of formula (VI) can be prepared fromheterocyclic amines of formula (II) wherein W represents H byconventional methods known in the art (for example see: Von Gizychi, U.Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1971, 10, 402; Von Gizychi, U. Angew.Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1971, 10, 403; Oh, L. M.; Spoors, P. G.; Goodman,R. M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 4769; S. Ozaki, Chem Rev. 1972, 72,457; Chem Abstr. 65:20386; T. Shibanuma et al. Chem. Lett. 1977, 5, 573;Organic Functional Group Preparation, Second Edition, S. Sandler and W.Karo, Volume I, Academic Press, 1983) and methods disclosed herein.

Many compounds of formula (I) wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R^(5,) A, B, D, and Arare as previously defined and wherein W is O can be prepared as outlinedin Scheme C.

In step a of Scheme C, compounds of formula (Va) can be treated with abase, such as sodium hydride in a polar aprotic organic solvent, such asTHF, followed by reaction with an electrophilic reagent, such as methyliodide, benzyloxymethyl chloride, or other alkyl electrophiles, to givecompounds of formula (IX). The reactions are typically run attemperatures ranging from −20 to 50° C. and are generally complete inone to 18 hours. The compounds can be recovered and purified byconventional methods. In step b of Scheme C, compounds can again betreated with a base, such as sodium hydride in a polar aprotic organicsolvent followed by reaction with an electrophilic reagent, such asmethyl iodide or other alkyl electrophiles, to give compounds of formula(X). Steps a and b of Scheme C can also be performed in one processwhere compounds of formula (Va) are treated with two or more equivalentsof a base, such as sodium hydride, followed by reaction with an excessof electrophilic reagent to afford compounds of formula (X). In step cof Scheme C, compounds of formula (VIII) can be prepared from compoundsof formula (X) by removal of R⁴ when R⁴is such a group that it can beremoved without removal of R⁵ (for example see: Protecting Groups inOrganic Synthesis, third edition, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, JohnWiley and Sons, Inc., 1999). In steps a thru c of Scheme C, the productscan be recovered by conventional means well known in the art.

Many compounds of formula (I) wherein R¹, R², R⁵, A, B, D, and Ar are aspreviously defined and wherein R⁴ is H can also be prepared by themethods illustrated in Scheme D.

In Scheme D compounds of formula (XI) can be treated with aryl amines offormula (VII) in polar aprotic solvents, such as THF, to give compoundsof formula (VIII). Means to exclude moisture, such as blanket ofnitrogen, are typically employed. The reaction is typically carried outat temperature from −20° C. to about 50° C. and are typically completein one hour to 15 days. The products of formula (VIII) can be recoveredby conventional means and purified by conventional methods, such aschromatography and recrystallization. Heterocyclic carbamates of formula(XI) can be prepared by conventional methods known in the art and thosedisclosed herein.

The following examples are presented to illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea(1)

A. Preparation ofN′-[4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]urea

To a solution of 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (4.10 g, 25 mmol) inanhydrous THF (125 mL), under an atmosphere of N₂, at 0° C. was addedNaH (25 mmol, 1.02 g, 60% in mineral oil) and the mixture was stirredfor 20 min. To this mixture was added 4-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate(4.678 g, 25 mmol) and stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. The mixture was pouredinto a mixture of ethyl acetate and 2N aq. HCl and the organic phaseseparated. The organic phase was washed with sodium bicarbonate andbrine, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give asolid. This solid was mixed with ether and filtered to giveN′-[4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea (2.6g, 30% yield): m.p. 99-101° C.; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.78 (bs, 1H), 10.55(bs, 1H), 7.69 (m, 4H), 7.58 (s, 1H); ESI/MS 348.88 (M−H) 350.97 (M+H).

B. Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea(1)

Sodium hydride (272 mg, 6.8 mmol, 60% in mineral oil) was added to asolution of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (1.5 g, 15 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15mL) at 0° C. and the mixture stirred for 20 min. To this mixture wasadded N′-[4,6-dichloropyrimidin-2-yl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea(1.14 g, 3.24 mmol) and stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The cooling bath wasremoved and the mixture allowed to warm to room temperature. The mixturewas warmed to 45° C. and stirred for additional 18 h. The mixture waspoured into water and stirred for 10 min and filtered to afford 1 (1.4g, 68% yield): m.p. 167-168° C.; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.44 (bs, 1H),10.28 (bs, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=6 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, J=6 Hz, 2H), 6.29 (s,1H), 5.13 (q, J=9.0 Hz, 4H); ESI/MS 476.92 (M−H), 478.95 (M+H)

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea(7)

A. Preparation of 2-amino-4,6-Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidine

To a solution of trifluoroethanol (9.0 mL, 125 mmol) in anhydrous THF(100 mL) at 0° C. in a 3-neck round bottom flask under an atmosphere ofdry N₂ was added NaH (4.8 g, 120 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil)over ca. 1 min. After gas evolution ceased and the solution became clear(ca. 20 min), 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimdine (8.2 g, 50 mmol) was added.The flask was fitted with a reflux condenser and heated to 62° C.overnight (ca. 15 h). An NMR of a quenched aliquot from the reactionmixture demonstrated the reaction was complete. After the reactionmixture was cooled to ambient temperature it was quenched by addition of1 N HCl and diluted with EtOAc. The separated organic layer was washedwith brine, sat. aq. NaHCO₃ and then brine. After drying over MgSO₄,filtering and concentrating, the oil thus obtained was dissolved inacetonitrile and washed with hexanes (2×, to remove mineral oil) andconcentrated to afford the desired amine as an orange oil (13.9 g, 96%yield): Kugelrohr distillation (high vacuum, 90° C. bath temperature,ice bath for receiving flask) afforded the product as a white solid:m.p. 34-35° C.; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 5.69 (s, 1H), 4.95 (br s, 2H), 4.69 (q,4H, J=8.1 Hz); GCMS (EI, 70 eV) m/z 291 (M+).

B. Preparation of 2-isocyanato-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidine

Oxalyl chloride (42.0 mL, 481 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous1,4-dioxane (400 mL) under an N₂ atmosphere. The resulting solution washeated to 90° C. To the hot solution was slowly added a solution of2-amino-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidine (14.0 g, 48 mmol) inanhydrous 1,4-dioxane (50 mL). After addition of the aminopyrimidinesolution was complete, heating was continued for 6 h, the heat removed,and the solution cooled to room temperature. The solution wasconcentrated and the residue distilled at reduced pressure to afford theproduct as a clear oil (12.4 g, 82% yield): bp 53-54° C. (ca.0.1 to 0.2mm Hg): ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 6.19 (s, 1H), 4.82-4.74 (q, 2H, J=8.2 Hz).

C. Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea(7)

To a solution of 2-isocyanato-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidine(400 mg, 1.26 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added a solution ofN-methyl-4-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline (285 mg, 1.50 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2mL). The resulting solution was stirred 18 h and then concentrated. Theresulting residue was purified by column chromatography (silica,hexanes/EtOAc) to afford 7 as a white solid (247 mg, 38% yield): m.p.100-102° C.; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.39 (app s, 4H), 5.96 (s, 1H), 6.82 (bs,1H), 4.77-4.69 (q, 4H, J=8.5 Hz); ESI/MS 509 (M+H), 507 (M−H).

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation ofN-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-N′-[4,6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]urea(3)

To an anhydrous THF (4.0 mL) solution of the 4-trifluoromethoxyaniline(134 μL, 1.0 mmol) at room temperature was added2-isocyanato-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidine (1.0 mL of a 1.0 Mstock solution in THF). After stirring for 45 minutes the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and the solids were then vigorouslystirred with hexanes for 10 min. Filtration under reduced pressureafforded 1 as a white flaky solid (358 mg, 72% yield): m.p. 178-180° C.;¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.36 (s, 1H), 10.25 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, 2H, J=9.0 Hz),7.37 (d, 2H, J=9.0 Hz), 6.30 (s, 1H), 5.14 (q, 4H, J=17.8, 9.1 Hz);ESI/MS 495 (M+H), 493 (M−H).

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation ofN-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-N′-[4-trifluoromethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]urea(102)

A. Preparation of2-Amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-pyrimidine

2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (2.2 mL, 30 mmol) was slowly added to asuspension of NaH (1.5 g, 36 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) inanhydrous THF (50 mL) under an N₂ atmosphere. To the resulting mixturewas added a solution of 2-amino-4-chloro-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidine(5.0 g, 25 mmol; for preparation see: Giner-Sorolla, A. and Bendich, A.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 80, 5744 and Gershon, H. et al. J. Het. Chem.1983, 20, 219) in anhydrous THF (50 mL). The resulting mixture wasstirred 18 h at room temperature and the solvent evaporated. Theresulting residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL) and H₂O (200mL). The organics separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and evaporatedto afford 2-amino-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-6-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidineas a tan solid (4.9 g, 74% yield): m.p. 108-110° C.; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ6.54 (s, 1H), 5.53 (bs, 2H), 4.76 (q, 2H, J=8.2 Hz); GCMS (EI, 70 eV)m/z 261 (M+).

B. Preparation ofN-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-N′-[4-trifluoromethyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]urea(102)

To a suspension of NaH (152 mg, 3.8 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil)in anhydrous THF (2 mL) at room temperature was slowly added a solutionof 2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidine (0.50g, 1.9 mmol) in anhydrous THF (2 mL) and the resulting mixture wasstirred 20 min. To the mixture was added 4-trifluoromethylphenylisocyanate (326 μL, 2.28 mmol) and the resulting mixture was allowed tostir at room temperature. After 18 h of stirring the reaction mixturewas diluted with 2 N HCl (30 mL). The acidic mixture was extracted withethyl acetate. The organics were combined, dried over MgSO₄, filteredand concentrated. The resulting residue was mixed with ethyl acetate (30mL), diluted with hexane (100 mL) and allowed to stand at roomtemperature. After 18 h the insoluble material was filtered and dried ina vacuum oven (50° C.) to afford 102 as a white solid (379 mg, 44%yield): m.p. 197-199° C.; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 10.76 (s, 1H), 10.71 (s,1H), 7.72 (app s, 4H). 7.35 (s, 1H), 5.25-5.16 (q, 2H, J=8.9 Hz); ESI/MS448 (M+H), 447 (M−H).

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation ofN-(4-bromophenyl)-N′-[4-ethoxy-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methylurea(103)

To a suspension of NaH (320 mg, 8.0 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil)in anhydrous DMF (5 mL) under an N₂ atmosphere was added anhydrous EtOH(583 μL, 10 mmol). To this solution was added a solution ofN-(4-bromophenyl)-N′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methylurea(1.0 g, 2.0 mmol), prepared in a manner similar to 7, in anhydrous DMF(3 mL). The resulting solution was heated (ca. 60° C.) for 2 h, the heatwas removed and the solution cooled to room temperature. The solutionwas diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and extracted with 2 N HCl (2×50 mL).The organics were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to afforda brown oil. The brown oil was eluted through a plug of silica using amixture of hexane and EtOAc and the resulting organic solutionconcentrated to afford a yellow oil. The yellow oil was further purifiedby reverse phase chromatography (HPLC grade acetonitrile and water, bothwith 0.1% acetic acid) to afford 103 as a yellow tacky oil (186 mg, 41%yield): ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.64 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.24 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz),6.84 (s, 1H), 4.81-4.72 (q, 2H, J=8.5 Hz), 4.33-4.26 (q, 2H J=7.1 Hz),1.39-1.37 (t, 3H, J=7.1 Hz); ESI/MS 449, 451 (M+H), 447, 449 (M−H).

EXAMPLE 6 Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea(131)

A. Preparation of 4,6-Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylisothiocyanate

2-Amino-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidine (20.0 g, 68.7 mmol) wasadded to a solution of thiophosgene (15.7 mL, 206 mmol) in anhydrousdioxane (100 mL) under an N₂ atmosphere. The resulting solution washeated to reflux. After 18 h the heat was removed and the reactioncooled to room temperature. The dioxane was evaporated to give a darkoil. The dark oil was distilled to afford the product as a light yellowoil (13.7 g, 60% yield); bp 83-86° C., (ca 0.2 mmHg): ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ6.24 (s 1H), 4.78 (q, 4H, J=8.2 Hz); GCMS (EI, 70 eV) m/z 333 (M+).

B. Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea(131)

To a solution of 4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylisothiocyanate (6.87 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was addedN-methyl-4-trifluoromethylaniline (6.87 mmol) and the resulting solutionwas stirred at room temperature. After 18 h the solvent was evaporatedand the crude material purified by chromatography (silica, hexane/EtOAc)to afford 131 as a yellow solid (2.15 g, 62% yield): m.p. 109-111° C.;¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.76 (d, 2H, J=8.5), 7.46 (d, 3H, J=8.5 Hz), 5.96 (s,1H), 4.77-4.68 (q, 4H, J=8.5 Hz); ESI/MS 509 (M+H), 507 (M−H).

EXAMPLE 7 Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methyl-N-(4-bromophenyl)urea(41)

2-Isocyanato-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidine (750 mg, 2.4 mmol)was dissolved in anhydrous dioxane (15 mL). To this solution was added4-bromo-N-methylaniline (440 mg, 2.36 mmol) and the resulting solutionwas stirred under an N₂ atmosphere at room temperature. After ca. 12 han LCMS analysis of the reaction indicated mostly desired product (91%).The reaction was partitioned between EtOAc and water, the organicsseparated and the aqueous layer extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). Organicextracts were combined, washed with water (2×) and once with brine. Theorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil. The oil waspartially purified by column chromatography (silica, hexane/EtOAc) andthen recrystallized (EtOAc/cyclohexane) to afford 41 as a white solid(346 mg, 29% yield): m.p. 110-111° C. Anal Calcd for C₁₆H₁₃BrF₆N₄O₃: C38.19, H 2.60, N 11.13. Found: C 38.42, H 2.66, N 11.20. ¹H NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.42 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, 2H, J=4.5 Hz), 7.26 (d, 2H, J=4.5Hz), 6.14 (s, 1H), 4.99 (q, 4H, J=4.4 Hz), 3.28 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 8 Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methylurea(121)

2-Isocyanato-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)triazine (8.8 mL, 0.88 mmolof a 0. 1M solution in anhydrous THF) was combined withN-methyl-4-chloroaniline (113 mg, 0.88 mmol) and the resulting solutionwas agitated overnight. After ca. 18 h of agitation the solvent wasevaporated and the resulting residue was recrystallized(acetone/cyclohexane) to afford 121 as a white solid (396 mg, 44%yield): m.p. 218-219° C. Anal Calc for C₁₄H₁₀ClF₆N₅O₃: C 37.73, H 2.26,N 15.71. Found: C 37.92, H 2.35, N 15.51. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ10.81 (s, 1H), 10.41 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, 2H, J=9.0 Hz), 7.42 (d, 2H, J=9.0Hz), 5.17 (q, 4H, J=8.9 Hz).

EXAMPLE 9 Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-N-methylurea(118)

2-Isocyanato-4,6-Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)triazine (8.8 mL, 0.88 mmolof a 0.1M solution in anhydrous THF) was combined withN-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (155 mg, 0.88 mmol) and agitatedovernight (ca. 18 h). The solvent was evaporated and the resultingresidue recrystallized (EtOAc/cyclohexane) to afford 118 as a whitesolid (325 mg, 74% yield): m.p. 130-132° C. Anal Calc for C₁₆H₁₂F₉N₅O₃:C 38.96, H 2.45, N 14.20. Found: C 38.96, H 2.36, N 13.88. ¹H NMR (300MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.75 (d, 2H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.42 (d, 2H, J=8.6 Hz), 7.11 (s,1H), 4.80 (q, 4H, J=8.2 Hz), 3.39 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 10 Preparation ofN-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methyl-N′-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea(10)

To a solution of urea 3 (469 mg, 0.95 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5 mL) wasadded NaH (46 mg, 1.15 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) and thismixture was stirred for 30 min at which time methyl iodide (81 μL, 1.24mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred overnight (ca. 15 hours) atwhich time the reaction was judged complete (TLC and LCMS). The reactionwas quenched by addition of EtOAc and 1N HCl. The separated organiclayer was washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄. The concentratedfiltrate was purified by chromatography (silica, 15 to 30% EtOAc/hexane)to afford 10 as a white solid (145 mg, 30% yield): m.p. 123-125° C.; ¹HNMR (CDCl₃) δ 11.42 (br s, 1H), 7.52 (d, 2H, J=9.1 Hz), 7.22 (d, 2H,J=8.2 Hz), 6.05 (s, 1H), 4.79 (q, 4H, J=7.9 Hz), 3.60 (s, 3H); ESI/MS509 (M+H), 507 (M−H).

EXAMPLE 11 Preparation ofN-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethyl-N′-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea(11)

To a solution of urea 3 (975 mg, 1.97 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added NaH(200 mg, 5.0 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) and the resultingmixture was stirred for 30 minutes at which time methyl iodide (337 μL,5.4 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred 2 h at which time it wasjudged complete (TLC). The reaction was quenched by addition of EtOAcand water. The separated organic layer was washed with brine (3×) andthen dried over MgSO₄. The concentrated filtrate was purified bychromatography (silica, 25-30% EtOAc/hexane) to afford bis-methyl urea11 as a heavy oil (722 mg, 71% yield): ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.21-7.13 (m4H), 5.75 (s, 1H), 4.71 (q, 4H, J=8.3 Hz), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.17 (s, 3H);ESI/MS 523 (M+H).

EXAMPLE 12 Preparation ofN-Benzyloxymethyl-N-[4,6-bis-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N′-[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea(19)

To a solution of urea 1 (2.00 g, 4.18 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (20 mL) atambient temperature was added NaH (167 mg, 4.2 mmol, 60% dispersion inmineral oil). After stirring for 20 min a solution of benzyloxymethylchloride (1.09 g, 60% technical solution) in anhydrous DMF (2 mL) wasadded over 2 min. After 2 h the reaction was judged complete (TLC). Thereaction was quenched by the addition of water and EtOAc. The separatedorganic layer was washed with water (3×), once with brine, and was driedover MgSO₄. The concentrated filtrate was purified by chromatography(silica, 10-20% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 19 as a white solid (2.29 g, 91%yield): m.p. 105-107° C.; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 11.25 (br s, 1H), 7.61 (apps, 4H), 7.30 (5 H), 6.07 (s, 1H), 5.81 (s, 2H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 4.68 (q,4H, J=8.0 Hz); ESI/MS 590 (M+H), 597 (M−H).

EXAMPLE 13 Preparation ofN-Benzyloxymethyl-N-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N′-ethoxymethyl-N′-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea (33)

To a solution of 19 (10.03 g, 16.7 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (100 mL), withan internal temperature of ≦−10° C., was added NaH (0.74 g, 18.4 mmol,60% dispersion in mineral oil) over 5 min. To the resulting clear yellowsolution, after stirring for 30 min, was added a solution ofchloromethyl ethyl ether (1.85 mL, 20 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (6.0 mL)over 12 min via syringe pump. After stirring for 2.5 h at −10° C.,analysis of a quenched aliquot showed the reaction was complete (TLC andLCMS). The reaction mixture was poured into a mixture of EtOAc, diluteHCl, and ice. After shaking the layers were separated. The organic layerwas washed with water and the aqueous layer was back extracted withEtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with water (2×), brine,and dried over MgSO₄. The filtered concentrate was purified bychromatography (silica, 15-20% EtOAc/hex) to afford 33 as a white solid(8.0 g, 73% yield, 95% purity): m.p. 62-65° C.; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ7.4-7.29 (m, 9H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 5.31 (s, 2H), 5.22 (s, 2H), 4.72 (s,2H), 4.61 (q, 4H, J=8.5 Hz), 3.75 (q, 2H, J=7.1 Hz), 1.25 (t, 3H, J=7.2Hz); ESI/MS 612 (M−EtOH), 716 (M+CH₃CO₂H).

EXAMPLE 14 Preparation ofN′-[4,6-Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-ethoxymethyl-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)urea(34)

To a heavy walled hydrogenation jar containing a suspension of palladiumhydroxide on carbon (2.1 g, 20%, 60% moisture, 10% w/w) in EtOAc (50 mL)at ambient temperature was added a solution of 33 (21.2 g, 32.3 mmol) inMeOH/EtOAc (150/150 mL). After the addition was complete the dead spaceatmosphere was reduced in vacuo then backfilled with nitrogen (3×).Next, reduction of pressure was followed by charging the flask with 30psi hydrogen. The reaction was allowed to stir for 2.5 h at which pointthe reaction was judged complete (TLC). The reaction mixture wasfiltered under reduced pressure over Celite and concentrated to an oilwhich was determined to be the hydroxymethyl compound by ¹H NMRanalysis. The oil was purified by column chromatography (silica,hexanes/EtOAc). The early eluting fractions (4.3 g) were again subjectedto purification by column chromatography (silica, hexanes/EtOAc) toafford highly pure product (1.7 g). The middle eluting fractions (judgedto be 88% pure by LCMS) were recrystallized using a 5% CH₂Cl₂/hexanessystem to afford highly pure 34 as a white solid (11.8 g total, 68%yield): m.p. 65-70° C.; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.75 (d, 2H, J=8.3 Hz), 7.61(br s, 1H), 7.52 (d, 2H, J=8.3 Hz), 6.01 (s, 1H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 4.75 (q,4 H, J=16.8, 8.2 Hz), 3.72 (q, 2H, J=14.2, 7.1 Hz), 1.31 (t, 3H, J=7.0Hz); ESI/MS 535 (M−H).

EXAMPLE 15 Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methoxyurea(65)

A. Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-(4chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxyurea(64)

To a solution of 4-chloro-N-hydroxyaniline (0.423 g, 2.95 mmol (preparedaccording to the procedure of Rondestwedt Jr., C. S. and Johnson, T. A.Synthesis 1977, p850-851) in THF (10 mL) was added the2-isocyanato-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidine (2.0 g, 6.3 mmol)in THF (10 mL) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 12 h. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a brown solid. This solid waspurified by reverse phase column chromatography (CH₃CN/H₂O) to afford 64as a dark brown gum (448 mg, 36% yield): ESI/MS 461 (M+H), 459 (M−H); ¹HNMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 11.04 (S, 1H, 9.51 (S, 1H), 7.63 (d, 2H, J=6.6 Hz),7.41 (d, 2H, J=6.6 Hz), 6.30 (s, 1H), 5.05 (m, 4H).

B. Preparation ofN′-[4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methoxyurea(65)

A dry round bottom flask was charged with the N-hydroxy substrate 65(100 mg, 0.217 mmol) and anhydrous THF (2 mL). The mixture was cooled to0° C., sodium hydride (0.23 mmol, 9.13 mg, 60% dispersion in mineraloil) was added in one portion, and the resulting mixture stirred for 10min. To the mixture was added MeI (59 mg, 0.42 mmol). After stirring at0° C. for 3 h, the reaction is diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) andwater (10 mL). The organic phase was separated, rinsed with brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under vacuum on a rotaryevaporator to give a brown solid. This solid was recrystallized(Et₂O/hexanes) to afford 65 as a brown solid (40 mg, 38% ). The motherliquor was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (silicagel, hexanes/EtOAc) to give additional product (tan solid, 30 mg, 29%yield): m.p. 275-276° C.; ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 7.49 (m, 4H), 6.33 (s, 1H),5.09 (m, 4H), 3.73 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 16 Preparation ofN′[3-fluoro-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]-N-methyl-N-(4-bromophenyl)urea(X)

A. Preparation of3-Chloro-2,5,6-trifluoro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridine

3-Chloro-2,4,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine (18.0 g, 97.0 mmol) was dissolvedin anhydrous THF (100 mL) under an N₂ atmosphere and the resultingsolution cooled to −78° C. To the cold solution was slowly added asolution of sodium 2,2,2-trifluoroehtoxide (97 mmol), prepared fromtrifluoroethanol (7.1 mL, 97.0 mmol) and NaH (3.88 g, 97.0 mmol, 60%dispersion in mineral oil), in anhydrous THF (100 mL). The resultingmixture was slowly warmed to ambient temperature. After 18 h at ambienttemperature a GC analysis indicates all the starting material wasconsumed. The volatiles were evaporated and the residue dissolved inCH₂Cl₂ (200 mL). The organics were washed with H₂O (3×100 mL), dried(MgSO4), filtered and concentrated to give the crude product as a yellowoil. The yellow oil was distilled at reduced pressure to afford3-chloro-2,5,6-trifluoro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridine as a clearoil (16.3 g, 63% yield): bp 48° C. (ca 0.2 mm Hg); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ4.81-4.78 (dq, J=1.6, 7.7 Hz); GC-MS (El, 70 eV) m/z (% relativeintensity) 267 (33), 265 (100), 248 (5), 246 (16), 198 (22), 196 (60).

B. Preparation of6-Azido-2,4-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridine

b 3-Chloro-2,5,6-trifluoro-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridine (13.1 g,49.3 mmol), was dissolved in anhydrous THF (50 mL). To the reactionmixture was added sodium azide (3.84 g, 59.2 mmol) and 18-crown-6 (1.0g, 3.8 mmol). A GC analysis after 2 h indicates all the startingmaterial had been consumed. The volatiles were evaporated and theresidue mixed with EtOAc (200 mL). The organics were washed with H₂O(3×100 mL), dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated to give the crudeproduct as a brown oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 4.74-4.67(dq, J=1.4, 7.7 Hz);GC-MS (EI, 70 eV) m/z (% relative intensity) 290 (30), 288 (100). Thecrude material is used without further purification. The brown oil wasdissolved in anhydrous THF (50 mL) under an N₂ atmosphere and thesolution cooled to 0° C. To the cold solution was slowly added asolution of sodium 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxide (54 mmol), prepared by adding2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (3.95 mL, 54 mmol) to a suspension of NaH (2.17g, 54 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) in anhydrous THF (100 mL).After 18 h the volatiles were evaporated and the residue mixed thisCH₂Cl₂ (200 mL). The organics were washed with H₂O (3×100 mL), dried(MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated to give the crude product as a brownoil. The oil was purified by column chromatography (SiO₂, hexane/EtOAc)to afford the product as a yellow crystalline solid (14.0 g, 77% yield):mp 52-54° C.; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 4.83-4.75 (q, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.70-4.62(dq, J=1.1, 7.7 Hz, 2H); GC-MS (EI, 70 eV) m/z (% relative intensity)370 (6), 368 (20), 273 (34), 271 (100), 190 (11), 188 (34).

C. Preparation of 2-Amino-fluoro-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridine

A 350 mL stainless steel pressure reactor equipped with a mechanicalstirrer was charged with6-azido-2,4-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridine (14.0g, 38.0 mmol), EtOH (50 mL), and palladium on carbon (10%, 4.0 g). Thereactor was sealed and pressurized with H₂ (500 psi). The pressurizedreactor was heated to 100° C. After 18 h the pressurized reactor wascooled to ambient temperature. A GC analysis indicated all the startingmaterial was consumed. The reaction was filtered and the volatilesevaporated to afford the crude product as a brown oil. The brown oil waspurified by column chromatography (SiO₂, hexane/EtOAc) to afford theproduct as a brown crystalline solid (7.29 g, 62% yield): mp 43-45° C.;¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 5.84 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 5.85-4.56 (q, J=8.5, 2H),4.49-4.37 (m, 4H) ; GC-MS (EI, 70 eV) m/z (% relative intensity) 308(100), 289 (26), 239 (74).

D. Preparation of4-Nitrophenyl-3-fluoro-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-ylcarbamate

A solution of 2-amino-fluoro-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridine(1.32 g, 4.3 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added to a solution of4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (2.6 g, 13 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL). After 96h the CH₂Cl₂ was evaporated and the residue mixed with hexanes (50 mL),stirred 4 h and filtered. The resulting white solid was mixed with Et₂O(50 mL), stirred 4 h, filtered, and allowed to air dry (ca 4 h) toafford the product as a white solid (1.74 g, 86% yield): mp 111-115; ¹HNMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.32 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 2H) 7.43 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H) 7.24 (bs,1H), 6.31 (d, J=4.7), 4.78-4.69 (q, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.53-4.45 (q, J=7.8Hz, 2H).

E. Preparation ofN′[3-fluoro-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]-N-methyl-N-(4-bromophenyl)urea

4-Nitrophenyl-3-fluoro-4,6-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-ylcarbamate(520 mg, 1.1 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (3 mL). To thissolution was added N-methyl-4-bromoaniline (200 mg, 1.1 mmol). Thereaction was allowed to stir for 12 d. The THF was evaporated and thecrude material purified by reverse phase chromatography (HPLC gradeCH₃CN and H₂O, both with 0.1% acetic acid) to afford the product as atan solid (275 mg, 48% yield): mp 89-90° C.; ¹H NMR (CDC1₃) δ 8.78 (s,1H), 7.57 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (d, J=4.7 Hz,1H), 5.04-4.95 (q, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.94-4.85 (q, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 3.27 (s,3H); ESI/MS 520, 522 (M+H), 518, 520 (M−H).

The compounds identified in Table 1 were prepared using the proceduresillustrated in the foregoing examples.

TABLE 1 Insecticidal Compounds Melting Mol Ion Compound Point (M + H),Number Molecular Structure (° C.) Appearance (M − H) 1

166-167 white solid (479), (477) 2

188-190 white powder (443), (440) 3

167-168 white solid (495), (493) 4

252-253 yellow solid (436), (434) 5

216-218 tan solid (479), (477) 6

206-208 white solid (495), (493) 7

100-102 white solid (509), (507) 8

206-210 light pinksolid (71%pure by ¹HNMR) (426), (423) 9

— orange oil (461), (457) 10

123-125 white solid (509), (507) 11

— clear oil (523, M + 1) 12

80-82 white solid (507, M + 1) 13

108-110 white solid (549, M − 1) 14

184-187 white solid (527), (525) 15

190-191 white solid (491), (489) 16

167-168 white solid (539), (538) 17

191.5-192.5  white solid (523), (NA) 18

90-92 white solid (537), (535) 19

105-107 white solid (599), (597) 20

NA white solid (445), (443) 21

NA white solid (459), (457) 22

NA white solid (491, 492),(490, 489) 23

195-201 white solid (508), (504) 24

159-162 white solid (480), (478) 25

174-175 white solid (595), (594) 26

105-106 tan solid (537), (535) 27

104-106 tan solid (523), (521) 28

147-149 white crystals (567), (565) 29

105-108 white needles (541), (539) 30

100-102 white solid (535), (533) 31

65-67 white solid (493), (491) 32

149-151 white powder (553), (551) 33

62-65 white powder (612,M − EtOH),(716M + HOAc). 34

65-70 white solid (537), (535) 35

115-118 white fluffysolid (551), (NA) 36

— clear oil (564,M − BnOH) 37

75-80 white solid (701,M + AcOH − 1) 38

80-85 white solid (551), (549) 39

62-65 white solid (523), (521) 40

132-133 white solid (519, 517),(517, 515) 41

110-111 white solid (505, 503),(503, 501) 42

135-136 white solid (506, 504),(504, 502) 43

82-85 white solid 615 (M + 1) 44

54-55 white solid (553), (551) 45

58-60 white solid (539), (537) 46

73-74 yellow glass (520, 518),(518, 516) 47

106-109 yellow glass (494), (492) 48

132-134 yellow glass (460), (458) 49

158-160 white solid (446), (444) 50

87-88 white glassysolid (553), (551) 51

— clear oil (611,M − tBuCH₂OH) 52

— clear oil (611,M − CH₃OCH₂CH₂O) 53

55-58 white solid (551), (549) 54

200-202 white solid (537), (535) 55

225-226 tan solid (470), (468) 56

233-234 tan solid (456), (454) 57

217-218 tan solid (457), (455) 58

195-197 yellow solid (511), (509) 59

225-227 white solid (543), (541) 60

— clear oil (611,M − tBuCH₂OH) 61

113-115 white solid (579), (577) 62

— clear oil (567), (565) 63

105-107 white solid (609, 611) 64

NA brown gum (461), (459) 65

275-276 tan solid (475), (473) 66

— clear oil (621, 623,M − iPrOH),(NA) 67

— clear oil (621, 623,M − EtOH),(NA) 68

n/a clear oil (621, 623,M − MeOH),(NA) 69

n/a white solid (537), (535) 70

n/a yellow oil (566), (564) 71

126-127 white solid (505), (503) 72

210 white solid (507, 509),(505, 507) 73

— semi-solid (531, 533,M − 1) 74

— white wax (547, 549),(545, 547) 75

— clear oil (561, 563),(559, 561) 76

172-174 white solid (515) (513) 77

n/a yellow solid (534), (532) 78

172-175 white solid (497), (498) 79

150-151 white solid (470), (468) 80

86-87 white solid (525), (523) 81

134-135 off whitesolid (551), (549) 82

166-167 off whitesolid (483), (481) 83

114-116 off whitesolid (450), (448) 84

121-123 off whitesolid (539, 537),(537, 535) 85

120-122 white solid (495, 493),(493, 491) 86

150-155 purple solid (443), (441) 87

80-84 white solid (600), (598) 88

— clear oil (658), (716,M + AcOH − 1) 89

— clear oil (644) (702,M + AcOH − 1) 90

112-113 white solid (492,M − EtOH)(536) 91

111-112 white solid (492,M − EtOH)(522) 92

165-166 white solid (484), (482) 93

157-160 white solid (563), (561) 94

clear glass (557), (555) 95

119-120 white solid (541), (539) 96

68-72 white solid (496), (494) 97

220-223 white solid (415), (413) 98

183-185 white solid (466), (465) 99

194-196 white solid (478), (476) 100

206-210 light pinkpowder (425), (423) 101

n/a white solid (533), (531) 102

197-199 white solid (449), (447) 103

n/a yellowtacky oil (449, 451),(447, 449) 104

174-175 white solid (595), (593) 105

180-182 yellow solid (479), (477) 106

n/a clear glass (509), (507) 107

n/a yellow glass (493), (491) 108

n/a yellow glass (505, 503),(503, 501) 109

n/a clear glass (506, 504),(504, 501) 110

n/a clear glass (460), (458) 111

n/a yellow oil (470), (468) 112

n/a yellow glass (459), (457) 113

112-113 white solid (494), (NA) 114

n/a clear glass (541), (539) 115

187-190 white solid (495), (493) 116

200-202 white solid (480), (478) 117

213-215 white solid (492, 490),(490, 488) 118

130-132 white solid (494), (492) 119

110-112 white glass (506, 504),(504, 502) 120

102-104 white glass (542), (540) 121

n/a brown glass (462, 460),(458) 122

140-143 white solid (494), (492) 123

149-151 white solid (506, 504),(504, 502) 124

148-150 white solid (460), (458) 125

135-137 white solid (444), (442) 126

150-152 yellow solid (552), (550) 127

215-218 white solid (437), (435) 128

173-176 white solid (451), (449) 129

195-201 white solid (505), (507) 130

176-179 white solid (493), (496) 131

109-111 yellow solid (509), (507) 132

116-118 yellow solid (519, 521),(517, 519) 133

124-127 yellow solid (510), (508) 134

191-194 tan solid (495.2),(492.9) 135

165-174 tan solid (514), (512) 136

182-185 yellow solid (529), (527) 137

176-203 yellow solid (524), (522) 138

N/A amber oil (543), (541) 139

190-210 light tansolid (504), (502) 140

120-150 light tansolid (518), (516) 141

134-140 light tansolid (507), (505) 142

110-136 tan solid (523), (521) 143

124-169 tan solid (494), (492) 144

 91-119 light tansolid (528), (526) 145

168-183 light tansolid (513), (511) 146

159-178 light tansolid (525), (523) 147

179-189 tan solid (493), (491) 148

88-98 tan solid (508), (506) 149

106-109 light yellowsolid (493.2),(491.2) 150

101-104 tan solid (461.3),(459.2) 151

183-185 White solid (529), (527) 152

72-74 White solid (527), (541) 153

62-65 white solid (526.0),(524.8) 154

84-86 white solid (510.0),(508.9) 155

108-111 off-whitesolid (571.2),(569.2) 156

82-84 whitepoweder (519), (517) 157

 98-100 off-whitepowder (533.3),(531.1) 158

102-104 off-whitesolid (517.2),(515.2) 159

112-113 white solid (461.5),(459.2) 160

colorlessglass (527.3),(525.2) 161

colorlessoil (511.3),(509.2) 162

124-127 white solid (461), (459) 163

168-194 white solid (463), (461) 164

166-187 pale yellowsolid (447), (445) 165

161-187 pale yellowsolid (440), (438) 166

166-199 pale yellowsolid (458), (456) 167

114-122 white solid (472), (470) 168

120-128 white solid (477), (475) 169

120-137 white solid (473), (471) 170

131-153 white solid (462), (460) 171

178-226 tan solid (459), (457) 172

Nottested yellow solid (511), (509) 173

Nottested white solid (497), (495) 174

205-206 off-whitesolid (578.8,M − H) 175

188-189 off-whitesolid (543.0,M − H) 176

87-89 white solid (593.1, M − H) 177

87-89 white solid (557.3, M − H) 178

133-134 white solid (564.9,M − H) 179

183-185 white solid (527.9, M − H) 180

155-157 grey-brownsolid (558.8,M − H) 181

74-76 off-whitesolid (570.9,M − H) 182

87-89 off-whitesolid (540.9,M − H) 183

89-90 tan solid (520, 522),(518, 520) 184

111-112 tan solid (511), (508) 185

114-115 tan solid (527), (524)

EXAMPLE 16 Insecticidal Testing

The compounds identified in Table 1 were tested against beet armywormand corn earworm as follows:

Insecticidal Test for Corn Earworm (Helicoverpa zea) and Beet Armyworm(Spodoptera exigua).

To prepare test solution, the test compound was formulated at 2000 ppmsolution as 4 mg/2 mL of 9 acetone: 1 tap water. 50 μL of the 2000 ppm(equivalent to 50 μg/cm² dose on diet surface area) test solution waspipetted upon the surface of 1 mL of lepidopteran diet (SouthlandMulti-Species Lepidopteran Diet) contained in each of eight wells perinsect species (one well=1 replication). A second-instar corn earwormand beet armyworm was placed upon the treated diet in each well once thesolvent had air-dried. Trays containing the treated diet and larvae werecovered and then held in a growth chamber at 25° C., 50-55% RH, and 16hr light:8 hr dark for 5 days. Observation were conducted 5 days aftertreatment and infestation. The number of dead insects of 8 per speciesper treatment was then determined and the results are given in Table 2as a percent control at a dose of 50 mg/cm².

TABLE 2 Insecticidal Activity HELIZE LAPHEG AVG % AVG % MortalityMortality Compound (50 (50 Number MOLSTRUCTURE μg/cm²) μg/cm²) 1

100 100 2

100 100 3

100 100 4

100 0 5

50 25 6

63 0 7

100 100 8

100 100 9

88 100 10

0 100 11

100 100 12

100 100 13

100 100 14

100 100 15

50 75 16

0 100 17

0 100 18

100 100 19

100 100 20

100 100 21

100 100 22

100 100 23

100 100 24

100 100 25

100 0 26

100 100 27

100 100 28

100 100 29

100 100 30

100 88 31

100 100 32

100 100 33

100 100 34

100 100 35

100 100 36

100 100 37

100 100 38

100 100 39

100 100 40

100 100 41

100 100 42

100 100 43

100 100 44

100 100 45

100 100 46

100 100 47

100 100 48

100 100 49

100 100 50

100 100 51

0 100 52

100 100 53

100 100 54

100 100 55

100 0 56

100 0 57

100 0 58

100 100 59

100 0 60

100 100 61

100 100 62

100 100 63

100 100 64

100 100 65

100 100 66

100 100 67

100 100 68

100 100 69

100 100 70

100 100 71

100 100 72

100 0 73

n/a n/a 74

100 100 75

n/a n/a 76

100 100 77

100 100 78

100 100 79

100 100 80

100 100 81

100 100 82

0 100 83

100 100 84

100 100 85

100 100 86

100 100 87

100 100 88

100 100 89

100 100 90

100 100 91

100 100 92

100 100 93

100 100 94

100 100 95

100 100 96

100 100 97

100 100 98

100 100 99

100 100 100

100 100 101

100 100 102

100 0 103

100 25 104

100 0 105

0 100 106

100 100 107

100 100 108

100 100 109

25 88 110

0 100 111

88 100 112

100 50 113

0 100 114

100 100 115

75 38 116

0 100 117

0 100 118

100 100 119

88 100 120

100 100 121

100 100 122

88 100 123

100 100 124

100 100 125

100 88 126

100 100 127

100 0 128

100 88 129

100 100 130

100 100 131

100 100 132

100 100 133

100 100 134

100 100 135

100 100 136

100 100 137

100 88 138

100 100 139

88 88 140

100 100 141

100 100 142

100 100 143

100 100 144

0 100 145

0 100 146

100 100 147

100 88 148

100 100 149

100 100 150

75 100 151

100 100 152

100 100 153

100 100 154

100 100 155

100 50 156

100 100 157

100 100 158

100 100 159

0 100 160

100 100 161

100 100 162

100 100 163

100 100 164

100 88 165

100 88 166

100 100 167

100 50 168

100 100 169

100 100 170

100 75 171

100 100 172

173

174

100 0 175

100 100 176

100 100 177

100 100 178

100 100 179

100 100 180

100 100 181

100 100 182

100 100 183

50 100 184

100 100 185

100 100

Insecticide Utility

The compounds of the invention are useful for the control ofinvertebrates including insects. Therefore, the present invention alsois directed to a method for inhibiting an insect which comprisesapplying an insect-inhibiting amount of a compound of formula (I) to alocus of the insect, to the area to be protected, or directly on theinsect to be controlled. The compounds of the invention may also be usedto control other invertebrate pests such as mites and nematodes.

The “locus” of insects or other pests is a term used herein to refer tothe environment in which the insects or other pests live or where theireggs are present, including the air surrounding them, the food they eat,or objects which they contact. For example, insects which eat, damage orcontact edible, commodity, ornamental, turf or pasture plants can becontrolled by applying the active compounds to the seed of the plantbefore planting, to the seedling, or cutting which is planted, theleaves, stems, fruits, grain, and/or roots, or to the soil or othergrowth medium before or after the crop is planted. Protection of theseplants against virus, fungus or bacterium diseases may also be achievedindirectly through controlling sap-feeding pests such as whitefly, planthopper, aphid and spider mite. Such plants include those which are bredthrough conventional approaches and which are genetically modified usingmodern biotechnology to gain insect-resistant, herbicide-resistant,nutrition-enhancement, and/or any other beneficial traits.

It is contemplated that the compounds might also be useful to protecttextiles, paper, stored grain, seeds and other foodstuffs, houses andother buildings which may be occupied by humans and/or companion, farm,ranch, zoo, or other animals, by applying an active compound to or nearsuch objects. Domesticated animals, buildings or human beings might beprotected with the compounds by controlling invertebrate and/or nematodepests that are parasitic or are capable of transmitting infectiousdiseases. Such pests include, for example, chiggers, ticks, lice,mosquitoes, flies, fleas and heartworms. Nonagronomic applications alsoinclude invertebrate pest control in forests, in yards, along road sidesand railroad right of way.

The term “inhibiting an insect” refers to a decrease in the numbers ofliving insects, or a decrease in the number of viable insect eggs. Theextent of reduction accomplished by a compound depends, of course, uponthe application rate of the compound, the particular compound used, andthe target insect species. At least an inactivating amount should beused. The term “insect-inactivating amount” is used to describe theamount, which is sufficient to cause a measurable reduction in thetreated insect population. Generally an amount in the range from about 1to about 1000 ppm by weight active compound is used. For example,insects or other pests which can be inhibited include, but are notlimited to:

-   Lepidoptera—Heliothis spp., Helicoverpa spp., Spodoptera spp.,    Mythimna unipuncta, Agrotis ipsilon, Earias spp., Euxoa auxiliaris,    Trichoplusia ni, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Rachiplusia nu, Plutella    xylostella, Chilo spp., Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia inferens,    Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Ostrinia nubilalis, Cydia pomonella,    Carposina niponensis, Adoxophyes orana, Archips argyrospilus,    Pandemis heparana, Epinotia aporema, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Lobesia    botrana, Polychrosis viteana, Pectinophora gossypiella, Pieris    rapae, Phyllonorycter spp., Leucoptera malifoliella, Phyllocnisitis    citrella-   Coleoptera—Diabrotica spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Oulema    oryzae, Anthonomus grandis, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Agriotes    spp., Melanotus communis, Popillia japonica, Cyclocephala spp.,    Tribolium spp.-   Homoptera—Aphis spp., Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum spp., Dysaphis    plantaginea, Toxoptera spp., Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Aulacorthum    solani, Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum, Schizaphis    graminum, Brachycolus noxius, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens,    Sogatellafurcifera, Laodelphax striatellus, Bemisia tabaci,    Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aleurodes proletella, Aleurothrixus    floccosus, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Unaspis yanonensis,    Ceroplastes rubens, Aonidiella aurantii-   Hemiptera—Lygus spp., Eurygaster maura, Nezara viridula, Piezodorus    guildingi, Leptocorisa varicornis, Cimex lectularius, Cimex    hemipterus-   Thysanoptera—Frankliniella spp., Thrips spp., Scirtothrips dorsalis-   Isoptera—Reticulitermes flavipes, Coptotermes formosanus,    Reticulitermes virginicus, Heterotermes aureus, Reticulitermes    hesperus, Coptotermes frenchii, Shedorhinotermes spp.,    Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes    banyulensis, Reticulitermes speratus, Reticulitermes hageni,    Reticulitermes tibialis, Zootermopsis spp., Incisitermes spp.,    Marginitermes spp., Macrotermes spp., Microcerotermes spp.,    Microtermes spp.-   Diptera—Liriomyza spp., Musca domestica, Aedes spp., Culex spp.,    Anopheles spp., Fannia spp., Stomoxys spp.,-   Hymenoptera—Iridomyrmex humilis, Solenopsis spp., Monomorium    pharaonis, Atta spp., Pogonomyrmex spp., Camponotus spp., Monomorium    spp., Tapinoma sessile, Tetramorium spp., Xylocapa spp., Vespula    spp., Polistes spp.-   Mallophaga (chewing lice)-   Anoplura (sucking lice)—Pthirus pubis, Pediculus spp.-   Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets)—Melanoplus spp., Locusta    migratoria, Schistocerca gregaria, Gryllotalpidae (mole crickets).-   Blattoidea (cockroaches)—Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica,    Periplaneta americana, Supella longipalpa, Periplaneta australasiae,    Periplaneta brunnea, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, Periplaneta    fuliginosa, Pycnoscelus surinamensis,-   Siphonaptera—Ctenophalides spp., Pulex irritans-   Acari—Tetranychus spp., Panonychus spp., Eotetranychus carpini,    Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Aculus pelekassi, Brevipalpus phoenicis,    Boophilus spp., Dermacentor variabilis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus,    Amblyomma americanum, Ixodes spp., Notoedres cati, Sarcoptes    scabiei, Dermatophagoides spp.-   Nematoda—Dirofilaria immitis, Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera spp.,    Hoplolaimus columbus, Belonolaimus spp., Pratylenchus spp.,    Rotylenchus reniformis, Criconemella ornata, Ditylenchus spp.,    Aphelenchoides besseyi, Hirschmanniella spp.

Compositions

The compounds of this invention are applied in the form of compositionswhich are important embodiments of the invention, and which comprise acompound of this invention and a phytologically-acceptable inertcarrier. Control of the pests is achieved by applying compounds of theinvention in forms of sprays, topical treatment, gels, seed coatings,microcapsulations, systemic uptake, baits, eartags, boluses, foggers,fumigants aerosols, dusts and many others. The compositions are eitherconcentrated solid or liquid formulations which are dispersed in waterfor application, or are dust or granular formulations which are appliedwithout further treatment. The compositions are prepared according toprocedures and formulae which are conventional in the agriculturalchemical art, but which are novel and important because of the presencetherein of the compounds of this invention. Some description of theformulation of the compositions will be given, however, to assure thatagricultural chemists can readily prepare any desired composition.

The dispersions in which the compounds are applied are most oftenaqueous suspensions or emulsions prepared from concentrated formulationsof the compounds. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable or emulsifiableformulations are either solids, usually known as wettable powders, orliquids usually known as emulsifiable concentrates or aqueoussuspensions. Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form waterdispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of the activecompound, an inert carrier, and surfactants. The concentration of theactive compound is usually from about 10% to about 90% by weight. Theinert carrier is usually chosen from among the attapulgite clays, themontmorillonite clays, the diatomaceous earths, or the purifiedsilicates. Effective surfactants, comprising from about 0.5% to about10% of the wettable powder, are found among the sulfonated lignins, thecondensed naphthalenesulfonates, the naphthalenesulfonates, thealkylbenzenesulfonates, the alkyl sulfates, and nonionic surfactantssuch as ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols.

Emulsifiable concentrates of the compounds comprise a convenientconcentration of a compound, such as from about 50 to about 500 gramsper liter of liquid, equivalent to about 10% to about 50%, dissolved inan inert carrier which is either a water miscible solvent or a mixtureof water-immiscible organic solvent and emulsifiers. Useful organicsolvents include aromatics, especially the xylenes, and the petroleumfractions, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinicportions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other organicsolvents may also be used, such as the terpenic solvents including rosinderivatives, aliphatic ketones such as cyclohexanone, and complexalcohols such as 2-ethoxyethanol. Suitable emulsifiers for emulsifiableconcentrates are chosen from conventional anionic and/or nonionicsurfactants, such as those discussed above.

Aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of water-insoluble compounds ofthis invention, dispersed in an aqueous vehicle at a concentration inthe range from about 5% to about 50% by weight. Suspensions are preparedby finely grinding the compound, and vigorously mixing it into a vehiclecomprised of water and surfactants chosen from the same types discussedabove. Inert ingredients, such as inorganic salts and synthetic ornatural gums, may also be added, to increase the density and viscosityof the aqueous vehicle. It is often most effective to grind and mix thecompound at the same time by preparing the aqueous mixture, andhomogenizing it in an implement such as a sand mill, ball mill, orpiston-type homogenizer.

The compounds may also be applied as granular compositions, which areparticularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular compositionsusually contain from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the compound,dispersed in an inert carrier which consists entirely or in large partof clay or a similar inexpensive substance. Such compositions areusually prepared by dissolving the compound in a suitable solvent andapplying it to a granular carrier which has been pre-formed to theappropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 to 3 mm. Suchcompositions may also be formulated by making a dough or paste of thecarrier and compound and crushing and drying to obtain the desiredgranular particle size.

Dusts containing the compounds are prepared simply by intimately mixingthe compound in powdered form with a suitable dusty agriculturalcarrier, such as kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. Dustscan suitably contain from about 1% to about 10% of the compound.

It is equally practical, when desirable for any reason, to apply thecompound in the form of a solution in an appropriate organic solvent,usually a bland petroleum oil, such as the spray oils, which are widelyused in agricultural chemistry.

Insecticides and acaricides are generally applied in the form of adispersion of the active ingredient in a liquid carrier. It isconventional to refer to application rates in terms of the concentrationof active ingredient in the carrier. The most widely used carrier iswater.

The compounds of the invention can also be applied in the form of anaerosol composition. In such compositions the active compound isdissolved or dispersed in an inert carrier, which is apressure-generating propellant mixture. The aerosol composition ispackaged in a container from which the mixture is dispensed through anatomizing valve. Propellant mixtures comprise either low-boilinghalocarbons, which may be mixed with organic solvents, or aqueoussuspensions pressurized with inert gases or gaseous hydrocarbons.

The actual amount of compound to be applied to loci of insects and mitesis not critical and can readily be determined by those skilled in theart in view of the examples above. In general, concentrations from 10ppm to 5000 ppm by weight of compound are expected to provide goodcontrol. With many of the compounds, concentrations from 100 to 1500 ppmwill suffice.

The locus to which a compound is applied can be any locus inhabited byan insect or mite, for example, vegetable crops, fruit and nut trees,grape vines, ornamental plants, domesticated animals, the interior orexterior surfaces of buildings, and the soil around buildings.

Because of the unique ability of insect eggs to resist toxicant action,repeated applications may be desirable to control newly emerged larvae,as is true of other known insecticides and acaricides.

Systemic movement of compounds of the invention in plants may beutilized to control pests on one portion of the plant by applying thecompounds to a different portion of it. For example, control offoliar-feeding insects can be controlled by drip irrigation or furrowapplication, or by treating the seed before planting. Seed treatment canbe applied to all types of seeds, including those from which plantsgenetically transformed to express specialized traits will germinate.Representative examples include those expressing proteins toxic toinvertebrate pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis or other insecticidalproteins, those expressing herbicide resistance, such as “RoundupReady®” seed, or those with “stacked” foreign genes expressinginsecticidal proteins, herbicide resistance, nutrition-enhancementand/or any other beneficial traits.

An insecticidal bait composition consisting of compounds of the presentinvention and attractants and/or feeding stimulants may be used toincrease efficacy of the insecticides against insect pest in a de vicesuch as trap, bait station, and the like. The bait composition isusually a solid, semi-solid (including gel) or liquid bait matrixincluding the stimulants and one or more non-microencapsulated ormicroencapsulated insecticides in an amount effective to act as killagents.

The compounds of the present invention (Formula I) are often applied inconjunction with one or more other insecticides or fungicides orherbicides to obtain control of a wider variety of pests diseases andweeds. When used in conjunction with other insecticides or fungicides orherbicides, the presently claimed compounds can be formulated with theother insecticides or fungicides or herbicide, tank mixed with the otherinsecticides or fungicides or herbicides, or applied sequentially withthe other insecticides or fungicides or herbicides.

Some of the insecticides that can be employed beneficially incombination with the compounds of the present invention include:antibiotic insecticides such as allosamidin and thuringiensin;macrocyclic lactone insecticides such as spinosad, spinetoram, and otherspinosyns including the 21-butenyl spinosyns and their derivatives;avermectin insecticides such as abamectin, doramectin, emamectin,eprinomectin, ivermectin and selamectin; milbemycin insecticides such aslepimectin, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime and moxidectin; arsenicalinsecticides such as calcium arsenate, copper acetoarsenite, copperarsenate, lead arsenate, potassium arsenite and sodium arsenite;biological insecticides such as Bacillus popilliae, B. sphaericus, B.thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, B.thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, Beauveria bassiana, Cydia pomonellagranulosis virus, Douglas fir tussock moth NPV, gypsy moth NPV,Helicoverpa zea NPV, Indian meal moth granulosis virus, Metarhiziumanisopliae, Nosema locustae, Paecilomycesfumosoroseus, P. lilacinus,Photorhabdus luminescens, Spodoptera exigua NPV, trypsin modulatingoostatic factor, Xenorhabdus nematophilus, and X. bovienii, plantincorporatedprotectant insecticides such as Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F,Cr1A.105, Cry2Ab2, Cry3A, mir Cry3A, Cry3Bb1, Cry34, Cry35, and VIP3A;botanical insecticides such as anabasine, azadirachtin, d-limonene,nicotine, pyrethrins, cinerins, cinerin I, cinerin II, jasmolin I,jasmolin II, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, quassia, rotenone, ryania andsabadilla; carbamate insecticides such as bendiocarb and carbaryl;benzofuranyl methylcarbamate insecticides such as benfuracarb,carbofuran, carbosulfan, decarbofuran and furathiocarb;dimethylcarbamate insecticides dimitan, dimetilan, hyquincarb andpirimicarb; oxime carbamate insecticides such as alanycarb, aldicarb,aldoxycarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, methomyl, nitrilacarb, oxamyl,tazimcarb, thiocarboxime, thiodicarb and thiofanox; phenylmethylcarbamate insecticides such as allyxycarb, aminocarb, bufencarb,butacarb, carbanolate, cloethocarb, dicresyl, dioxacarb, EMPC,ethiofencarb, fenethacarb, fenobucarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb,metolcarb, mexacarbate, promacyl, promecarb, propoxur, trimethacarb, XMCand xylylcarb; dinitrophenol insecticides such as dinex, dinoprop,dinosam and DNOC; fluorine insecticides such as bariumhexafluorosilicate, cryolite, sodium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosilicateand sulfluramid; formamidine insecticides such as amitraz,chlordimeform, formetanate and formparanate; fumigant insecticides suchas acrylonitrile, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform,chloropicrin, para-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloropropane, ethyl formate,ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, hydrogencyanide, iodomethane, methyl bromide, methylchloroform, methylenechloride, naphthalene, phosphine, sulfuryl fluoride andtetrachloroethane; inorganic insecticides such as borax, calciumpolysulfide, copper oleate, mercurous chloride, potassium thiocyanateand sodium thiocyanate; chitin synthesis inhibitors such asbistrifluron, buprofezin, chlorfluazuron, cyromazine, diflubenzuron,flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron,noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron; juvenile hormonemimics such as epofenonane, fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene,methoprene, pyriproxyfen and triprene; juvenile hormones such asjuvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II and juvenile hormone III;moulting hormone agonists such as chromafenozide, halofenozide,methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide; moulting hormones such as α-ecdysoneand ecdysterone; moulting inhibitors such as diofenolan; precocenes suchas precocene I, precocene II and precocene III; unclassified insectgrowth regulators such as dicyclanil; nereistoxin analogue insecticidessuch as bensultap, cartap, thiocyclam and thiosultap; nicotinoidinsecticides such as flonicamid; nitroguanidine insecticides such asclothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam; nitromethyleneinsecticides such as nitenpyram and nithiazine; pyridylmethylamineinsecticides such as acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram andthiacloprid; organochlorine insecticides such as bromo-DDT, camphechlor,DDT, pp′-DDT, ethyl-DDD, HCH, gamma-HCH, lindane, methoxychlor,pentachlorophenol and TDE; cyclodiene insecticides such as aldrin,bromocyclen, chlorbicyclen, chlordane, chlordecone, dieldrin, dilor,endosulfan, endrin, HEOD, heptachlor, HHDN, isobenzan, isodrin, kelevanand mirex; organophosphate insecticides such as bromfenvinfos,chlorfenvinphos, crotoxyphos, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethylvinphos,fospirate, heptenophos, methocrotophos, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled,naftalofos, phosphamidon, propaphos, TEPP and tetrachlorvinphos;organothiophosphate insecticides such as dioxabenzofos, fosmethilan andphenthoate; aliphatic organothiophosphate insecticides such as acethion,amiton, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlormephos, demephion, demephion-O,demephion-S, demeton, demeton-O, demeton-S, demeton-methyl,demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, disulfoton,ethion, ethoprophos, IPSP, isothioate, malathion, methacrifos,oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, phorate, sulfotep,terbufos and thiometon; aliphatic amide organothiophosphate insecticidessuch as amidithion, cyanthoate, dimethoate, ethoate-methyl, formothion,mecarbam, omethoate, prothoate, sophamide and vamidothion; oximeorganothiophosphate insecticides such as chlorphoxim, phoxim andphoxim-methyl; heterocyclic organothiophosphate insecticides such asazamethiphos, coumaphos, coumithoate, dioxathion, endothion, menazon,morphothion, phosalone, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion and quinothion;benzothiopyran organothiophosphate insecticides such as dithicrofos andthicrofos; benzotriazine organothiophosphate insecticides such asazinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl; isoindole organothiophosphateinsecticides such as dialifos and phosmet; isoxazole organothiophosphateinsecticides such as isoxathion and zolaprofos; pyrazolopyrimidineorganothiophosphate insecticides such as chlorprazophos and pyrazophos;pyridine organothiophosphate insecticides such as chlorpyrifos andchlorpyrifos-methyl; pyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticides such asbutathiofos, diazinon, etrimfos, lirimfos, pirimiphos-ethyl,pirimiphos-methyl, primidophos, pyrimitate and tebupirimfos; quinoxalineorganothiophosphate insecticides such as quinalphos andquinalphos-methyl; thiadiazole organothiophosphate insecticides such asathidathion, lythidathion, methidathion and prothidathion; triazoleorganothiophosphate insecticides such as isazofos and triazophos; phenylorganothiophosphate insecticides such as azothoate, bromophos,bromophos-ethyl, carbophenothion, chlorthiophos, cyanophos, cythioate,dicapthon, dichlofenthion, etaphos, famphur, fenchlorphos, fenitrothionfensulfothion, fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, heterophos, jodfenphos,mesulfenfos, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenkapton, phosnichlor,profenofos, prothiofos, sulprofos, temephos, trichlormetaphos-3 andtrifenofos; phosphonate insecticides such as butonate and trichlorfon;phosphonothioate insecticides such as mecarphon; phenylethylphosphonothioate insecticides such as fonofos and trichloronat;phenyl phenylphosphonothioate insecticides such as cyanofenphos, EPN andleptophos; phosphoramidate insecticides such as crufomate, fenamiphos,fosthietan, mephosfolan,phosfolan and pirimetaphos; phosphoramidothioateinsecticides such as acephate, isocarbophos, isofenphos, methamidophosand propetamphos; phosphorodiamide insecticides such as dimefox,mazidox, mipafox and schradan; oxadiazine insecticides such asindoxacarb; phthalimide insecticides such as dialifos, phosmet andtetramethrin; pyrazole insecticides such as acetoprole, ethiprole,fipronil, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad andvaniliprole; pyrethroid ester insecticides such as acrinathrin,allethrin, bioallethrin, barthrin, bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin,cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin,gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin,beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin,deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, fenfluthrin,fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate,fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furethrin, imiprothrin, metofluthrin,permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin,profluthrin, pyresmethrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin,tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin and transfluthrin;pyrethroid ether insecticides such as etofenprox, flufenprox,halfenprox, protrifenbute and silafluofen; pyrimidinamine insecticidessuch as flufenerim and pyrimidifen; pyrrole insecticides such aschlorfenapyr; tetronic acid insecticides such as spirodiclofen,spiromesifen and spirotetramat; thiourea insecticides such asdiafenthiuron; urea insecticides such as flucofuron and sulcofuron; andunclassified insecticides such as AKD-3088, closantel, crotamiton,cyflumetofen, E2Y45, EXD, fenazaflor, fenazaquin, fenoxacrim,fenpyroximate, FKI-1033, flubendiamide, HGW86, hydramethylnon, IKI-2002,isoprothiolane, malonoben, metaflumizone, metoxadiazone, nifluridide,NNI-9850, NNI-0101, pymetrozine, pyridaben, pyridalyl, Qcide,rafoxanide, rynaxypyr, SYJ-159, triarathene and triazamate and anycombinations thereof.

Some of the fungicides that can be employed beneficially in combinationwith the compounds of the present invention include:2-(thiocyanatomethylthio)-benzothiazole, 2-phenylphenol,8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, Ampelomyces, quisqualis, azaconazole,azoxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis, benalaxyl, benomyl,benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benzylaminobenzene-sulfonate (BABS) salt,bicarbonates, biphenyl, bismerthiazol, bitertanol, blasticidin-S, borax,Bordeaux mixture, boscalid, bromuconazole, bupirimate, calciumpolysulfide, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid,carvone, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, Coniothyrium minitans,copper hydroxide, copper octanoate, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate,copper sulfate (tribasic), cuprous oxide, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid,cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dazomet, debacarb, diammoniumethylenebis-(dithiocarbamate), dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, diclocymet,diclomezine, dichloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, difenzoquat ion,diflumetorim, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole,diniconazole-M,dinobuton, dinocap, diphenylamine, dithianon, dodemorph,dodemorph acetate, dodine, dodine free base, edifenphos, epoxiconazole,ethaboxam, ethoxyquin, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol,fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil,fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide,ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumorph, fluopicolide,fluoroimide, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide,flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet, formaldehyde, fosetyl,fosetyl-aluminium, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, guazatine,guazatine acetates, GY-81, hexachlorobenzene, hexaconazole, hymexazol,imazalil, imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iminoctadinetriacetate, iminoctadine tris(albesilate), ipconazole, iprobenfos,iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoprothiolane, kasugamycin, kasugamycinhydrochloride hydrate, kresoxim-methyl, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb,mepanipyrim, mepronil, mercuric chloride, mercuric oxide, mercurouschloride, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, metalaxyl-M, metam, metam-ammonium,metam-potassium, metam-sodium, metconazole, methasulfocarb, methyliodide, methyl isothiocyanate, metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone,mildiomycin, myclobutanil, nabam, nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol,octhilinone, ofurace, oleic acid (fatty acids), orysastrobin, oxadixyl,oxine-copper, oxpoconazole fumarate, oxycarboxin, pefurazoate,penconazole, pencycuron, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl laurate,penthiopyrad, phenylmercury acetate, phosphonic acid, phthalide,picoxystrobin, polyoxin B, polyoxins, polyoxorim, potassium bicarbonate,potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate, probenazole, prochloraz,procymidone, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, propiconazole,propineb, proquinazid, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, pyrazophos,pyributicarb, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, quinoclamine,quinoxyfen, quintozene, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract, silthiofam,simeconazole, sodium 2-phenylphenoxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodiumpentachlorophenoxide, spiroxamine, sulfur, SYP-Z071, tar oils,tebuconazole, tecnazene, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide,thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tiadinil, tolclofos-methyl, tolylfluanid,triadimefon, triadimenol, triazoxide, tricyclazole, tridemorph,trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, validamycin,vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, zoxamide, Candida oleophila, Fusariumoxysporum, Gliocladium spp., Phlebiopsis gigantean, Streptomycesgriseoviridis, Trichoderma spp.,(RS)-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-succinimide,1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoroacetone hydrate,1-chloro-2,4-dinitronaphthalene, 1-chloro-2-nitropropane,2-(2-heptadecyl-2-imidazolin-1-yl)ethanol,2,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1,4-dithi-ine 1,1,4,4-tetraoxide,2-methoxyethylmercury acetate, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride,2-methoxyethylmercury silicate, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine,4-(2-nitroprop-1-enyl)phenyl thiocyanateme: ampropylfos, anilazine,azithiram, barium polysulfide, Bayer 32394, benodanil, benquinox,bentaluron, benzamacril; benzamacril-isobutyl, benzamorf, binapacryl,bis(methylmercury) sulfate, bis(tributyltin) oxide, buthiobate, cadmiumcalcium copper zinc chromate sulfate, carbamorph, CECA, chlobenthiazone,chloraniformethan, chlorfenazole, chlorquinox, climbazole, copperbis(3-phenylsalicylate), copper zinc chromate, cufraneb, cuprichydrazinium sulfate, cuprobam, cyclafuramid, cypendazole, cyprofuram,decafentin, dichlone, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, dimethirimol,dinocton, dinosulfon, dinoterbon, dipyrithione, ditalimfos, dodicin,drazoxolon, EBP, ESBP, etaconazole, etem, ethirim, fenaminosulf,fenapanil, fenitropan, fluotrimazole, furcarbanil, furconazole,furconazole-cis, furmecyclox, furophanate, glyodine, griseofulvin,halacrinate, Hercules 3944, hexylthiofos, ICIA0858, isopamphos,isovaledione, mebenil, mecarbinzid, metazoxolon, methfuroxam,methylmercury dicyandiamide, metsulfovax, milneb, mucochloric anhydride,myclozolin, N-3,5-dichlorophenyl-succinimide,N-3-nitrophenylitaconimide, natamycin,N-ethylmercurio-4-toluenesulfonanilide, nickelbis(dimethyldithiocarbamate), OCH, phenylmercurydimethyldithiocarbamate, phenylmercury nitrate, phosdiphen, prothiocarb;prothiocarb hydrochloride, pyracarbolid, pyridinitril, pyroxychlor,pyroxyfur, quinacetol; quinacetol sulfate, quinazamid, quinconazole,rabenzazole, salicylanilide, SSF-109, sultropen, tecoram, thiadifluor,thicyofen, thiochlorfenphim, thiophanate, thioquinox, tioxymid,triamiphos, triarimol, triazbutil, trichlamide, urbacid, XRD-563, andzarilamid, and any combinations thereof.

Some of the herbicides that can be employed in conjunction with thecompounds of the present invention include: am ide herbicides such asallidochlor, beflubutamid, benzadox, benzipram, bromobutide,cafenstrole, CDEA, chlorthiamid, cyprazole, dimethenamid,dimethenamid-P, diphenamid, epronaz, etnipromid, fentrazamide, flupoxam,fomesafen, halosafen, isocarbamid, isoxaben, napropamide, naptalam,pethoxamid, propyzamide, quinonamid and tebutam; anilide herbicides suchas chloranocryl, cisanilide, clomeprop, cypromid, diflufenican,etobenzanid, fenasulam, flufenacet, flufenican, mefenacet, mefluidide,metamifop, monalide, naproanilide, pentanochlor, picolinafen andpropanil; arylalanine herbicides such as benzoylprop, flamprop andflamprop-M; chloroacetanilide herbicides such as acetochlor, alachlor,butachlor, butenachlor, delachlor, diethatyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor,metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor,prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor and xylachlor; sulfonanilideherbicides such as benzofluor, perfluidone, pyrimisulfan and profluazol;sulfonamide herbicides such as asulam, carbasulam, fenasulam andoryzalin; antibiotic herbicides such as bilanafos; benzoic acidherbicides such as chloramben, dicamba, 2,3,6-TBA and tricamba;pyrimidinyloxybenzoic acid herbicides such as bispyribac andpyriminobac; pyrimidinylthiobenzoic acid herbicides such as pyrithiobac;phthalic acid herbicides such as chlorthal; picolinic acid herbicidessuch as aminopyralid, clopyralid and picloram; quinolinecarboxylic acidherbicides such as quinclorac and quinmerac; arsenical herbicides suchas cacodylic acid, CMA, DSMA, hexaflurate, MAA, MAMA, MSMA, potassiumarsenite and sodium arsenite; benzoylcyclohexanedione herbicides such asmesotrione, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione and tembotrione; benzofuranylalkylsulfonate herbicides such as benfuresate and ethofumesate;carbamate herbicides such as asulam, carboxazole chlorprocarb,dichlormate, fenasulam, karbutilate and terbucarb; carbanilateherbicides such as barban, BCPC, carbasulam, carbetamide, CEPC,chlorbufam, chlorpropham, CPPC, desmedipham, phenisopham, phenmedipham,phenmedipham-ethyl, propham and swep; cyclohexene oxime herbicides suchas alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim,profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim and tralkoxydim;cyclopropylisoxazole herbicides such as isoxachlortole and isoxaflutole;dicarboximide herbicides such as benzfendizone, cinidon-ethyl, flumezin,flumiclorac, flumioxazin and flumipropyn; dinitroaniline herbicides suchas benfluralin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin,isopropalin, methalpropalin, nitralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin,prodiamine, profluralin and trifluralin; dinitrophenol herbicides suchas dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoterb, DNOC, etinofen andmedinoterb; diphenyl ether herbicides such as ethoxyfen; nitrophenylether herbicides such as acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox,chlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen, etnipromid, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen,fluoronitrofen, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, halosafen, lactofen,nitrofen,nitrofluorfen and oxyfluorfen; dithiocarbamate herbicides such asdazomet and metam; halogenated aliphatic herbicides such as alorac,chloropon, dalapon, flupropanate, hexachloroacetone, iodomethane, methylbromide, monochloroacetic acid, SMA and TCA; imidazolinone herbicidessuch as imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin andimazethapyr; inorganic herbicides such as ammonium sulfamate, borax,calcium chlorate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium azide,potassium cyanate, sodium azide, sodium chlorate and sulfuric acid;nitrile herbicides such as bromobonil, bromoxynil, chloroxynil,dichlobenil, iodobonil, ioxynil and pyraclonil; organophosphorusherbicides such as amiprofos-methyl, anilofos, bensulide, bilanafos,butamifos, 2,4-DEP, DMPA, EBEP, fosamine, glufosinate, glyphosate andpiperophos; phenoxy herbicides such as bromofenoxim, clomeprop, 2,4-DEB,2,4-DEP, difenopenten, disul, erbon, etnipromid, fenteracol andtrifopsime; phenoxyacetic herbicides such as 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 3,4-DA, MCPA,MCPA-thioethyl and 2,4,5-T; phenoxybutyric herbicides such as 4-CPB,2,4-DB, 3,4-DB, MCPB and 2,4,5-TB; phenoxypropionic herbicides such ascloprop, 4-CPP, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, 3,4-DP, fenoprop, mecopropand mecoprop-P; aryloxyphenoxypropionic herbicides such as chlorazifop,clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P,fenthiaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P,isoxapyrifop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P andtrifop; phenylenediamine herbicides such as dinitramine and prodiamine;pyrazolyl herbicides such as benzofenap, pyrazolynate, pyrasulfotole,pyrazoxyfen, pyroxasulfone and topramezone; pyrazolylphenyl herbicidessuch as fluazolate and pyraflufen; pyridazine herbicides such ascredazine, pyridafol and pyridate; pyridazinone herbicides such asbrompyrazon, chloridazon, dimidazon, flufenpyr, metflurazon,norflurazon, oxapyrazon and pydanon; pyridine herbicides such asaminopyralid, cliodinate, clopyralid, dithiopyr, fluroxypyr, haloxydine,picloram, picolinafen, pyriclor, thiazopyr and triclopyr;pyrimidinediamine herbicides such as iprymidam and tioclorim; quaternaryammonium herbicides such as cyperquat, diethamquat, difenzoquat, diquat,morfamquat and paraquat; thiocarbamate herbicides such as butylate,cycloate, di-allate, EPTC, esprocarb, ethiolate, isopolinate,methiobencarb, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb,pyributicarb, sulfallate, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, tri-allate andvernolate; thiocarbonate herbicides such as dimexano, EXD and proxan;thiourea herbicides such as methiuron; triazine herbicides such asdipropetryn, triaziflam and trihydroxytriazine; chlorotriazineherbicides such as atrazine, chlorazine, cyanazine, cyprazine,eglinazine, ipazine, mesoprazine, procyazine, proglinazine, propazine,sebuthylazine, simazine, terbuthylazine and trietazine; methoxytriazineherbicides such as atraton, methometon, prometon, secbumeton, simetonand terbumeton; methylthiotriazine herbicides such as ametryn,aziprotryne, cyanatryn, desmetryn, dimethametryn, methoprotryne,prometryn, simetryn and terbutryn; triazinone herbicides such asametridione, amibuzin, hexazinone, isomethiozin, metamitron andmetribuzin; triazole herbicides such as amitrole, cafenstrole, epronazand flupoxam; triazolone herbicides such as amicarbazone, bencarbazone,carfentrazone, flucarbazone, propoxycarbazone, sulfentrazone andthiencarbazone-methyl; triazolopyrimidine herbicides such ascloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulamand pyroxsulam; uracil herbicides such as butafenacil, bromacil,flupropacil, isocil, lenacil and terbacil; 3-phenyluracils; ureaherbicides such as benzthiazuron, cumyluron, cycluron, dichloralurea,diflufenzopyr, isonoruron, isouron, methabenzthiazuron, monisouron andnoruron; phenylurea herbicides such as anisuron, buturon, chlorbromuron,chloreturon, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, daimuron, difenoxuron,dimefuron, diuron, fenuron, fluometuron, fluothiuron, isoproturon,linuron, methiuron, methyldymron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron,monolinuron, monuron, neburon, parafluron, phenobenzuron, siduron,tetrafluron and thidiazuron; pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicides such asamidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, cyclosulfamuron,ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron,foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, mesosulfuron, nicosulfuron,orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, pyrazosulfuron,rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron;triazinylsulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron,ethametsulfuron, iodosulfuron, metsulfuron, prosulfuron, thifensulfuron,triasulfuron, tribenuron, triflusulfuron and tritosulfuron;thiadiazolylurea herbicides such as buthiuron, ethidimuron, tebuthiuron,thiazafluron and thidiazuron; and unclassified herbicides such asacrolein, allyl alcohol, azafenidin, benazolin, bentazone,benzobicyclon, buthidazole, calcium cyanamide, cambendichlor,chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, chlorflurazole, chlorflurenol, cinmethylin,clomazone, CPMF, cresol, ortho-dichlorobenzene, dimepiperate, endothal,fluoromidine, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone, fluthiacet,indanofan, methazole, methyl isothiocyanate, nipyraclofen, OCH,oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxaziclomefone, pentachlorophenol, pentoxazone,phenylmercury acetate, pinoxaden, prosulfalin, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid,quinoclamine, rhodethanil, sulglycapin, thidiazimin, tridiphane,trimeturon, tripropindan and tritac.

1. A compound of formula (I)

wherein A, B and D represent N, CH or CR³, with the proviso that atleast one of A, B or D are N; R¹ represents C₁-C₄ alkyl optionallysubstituted with from one up to the maximum number of fluorine orchlorine atoms; R² represents Cl, CF₃, O(C₁-C₃ alkyl), NH(C₁-C₃ alkyl)or N(C₁-C₃ alkyl)₂ in which each of the previous C₁-C₃ alkyl groups isoptionally substituted with from one up to the maximum number offluorine atoms; R³represents H, F, Cl, Br, I, C₁-C₃ alkyl or O(C₁-C₃alkyl) in which each of the previous C₁-C₃ alkyl groups is optionallysubstituted with from one up to the maximum number of fluorine atoms;R⁴represents H, C₁-C₃ alkyl (optionally substituted with alkoxy,benzyloxy or —OC(O)R ⁷), or CO₂R⁶; R⁵ represents H, C₁-C₃ alkyl(optionally substituted with C₁-C₃ alkoxy, F, CN or CO₂R), OH, C₁-C₃alkoxy or CO₂R⁶, or R⁴ and R⁵ taken together represent —CH₂CH₂— or—C(O)CH₂—; R⁶ represents H or C₁-C₃ alkyl; R⁷ represents C₁-C₃ alkyl; Wrepresents O or S; Ar represents a phenyl group substituted with one tofour substitutents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, NO₂, CN,SCF₃, SO₂CF₃, C₁-C₃ alky substituted with from one up to the maximumnumber of chlorine or fluorine atoms, or C₁-C₃ alkoxy optionallysubstituted with from one up to the maximum number of chlorine orfluorine atoms; or represents

X and Y independently represent H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO₂, CN, SCF₃, SO₂CF₃,C₁-C₃ alky substituted with from one up to the maximum number ofchlorine or fluorine atoms, or C₁-C₃ alkoxy optionally substituted withfrom one up to the maximum number of chlorine or fluorine atoms.
 2. Acompound of formula (I)

wherein A, B and D represent N, CH or CR³, with the proviso that atleast one of A, B or D are N; R¹ represents C₁-C₄ alkyl optionallysubstituted with from one up to the maximum number of fluorine orchlorine atoms; R represents Cl, CF₃, O(C₁-C₃ alkyl), NH(C₁-C₃ alkyl) orN(C₁-C₃ alkyl)₂ in which each of the previous C₁-C₃ alkyl groups isoptionally substituted with from one up to the maximum number offluorine atoms; R³represents H, F, Cl, Br, I, C₁-C₃ alkyl or O(C₁-C₃alkyl) in which each of the previous C₁-C₃ alkyl groups is optionallysubstituted with from one up to the maximum number of fluorine atoms;R⁴represents H, C₁-C₃ alkyl (optionally substituted with alkoxy,benzyloxy or —OC(O)R ⁷), or CO₂R⁶; R⁵ represents H, C₁-C₃ alkyl(optionally substituted with C₁-C₃ alkoxy, F, CN or CO₂R), OH, C₁-C₃alkoxy or CO₂R⁶, or R⁴ and R⁵ taken together represent —CH₂CH₂— or—C(O)CH₂—; R⁶ represents H or C₁-C₃ alkyl; R⁷ represents C₁-C₃ alkyl; Wrepresents O or S; Ar represents

and X and Y independently represent H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO₂, CN, SCF₃,SO₂CF₃, C₁-C₃ alky substituted with from one up to the maximum number ofchlorine or fluorine atoms, or C₁-C₃ alkoxy optionally substituted withfrom one up to the maximum number of chlorine or fluorine atoms.
 3. Acompound of claim 2 in which R¹ is CH₂CF₃.
 4. A compound of claim 2 inwhich R 2 is OCH2CF₃.
 5. A compound of claim 2 in which W is O
 6. Acompound of claim 2 in which R⁴ and R⁵ are independently H or CH₃.
 7. Acompound of claim 2 in which Ar represents


8. A compound of claim 2 in which X is Br, Cl, CF₃ or OCF₃.
 9. Acomposition for controlling insects which comprises a compound of claim1 in combination with a phytologically-acceptable carrier.
 10. A methodof controlling insects which comprises applying to a locus where controlis desired a insect-inactivating amount of a compound of claim 1.